5

Homeostasis means

A.   Maintenance of Milieu interior

B.   Provision of Organ Support

C.   Control of Bleeding

D.   Abdominal Sepsis

E.   Metabolic Response to Primary Insult

               Ans – A  Maintenance of Milieu interior

Discussion:

Maintenance of a steady state of internal environment is called homeostasis. It is achieved by the coordinated activities of the vital organs like brain, heart, lungs, liver and kidneys.

Provision of organ support to maintain the homeostasis is called Critical care.

Control of bleeding is called haemostasis.

Sepsis means infection. Sepsis or injury can make the closed system of the homeostasis into an open one-hence called a Primary Insult.

Metabolic response of our body in response to trauma or infection is directly proportional to the degree of primary insult.

6

Artificial augmentation of homeostasis is called

A.   Organ support

B.   Critical care

C.   Resuscitation

D.   Primary Insult

E.   Surgical intervention

Ans- C Resuscitation

Discussion

When there is a break in the closed loop of  Homeostasis due to a primary insult like injury or sepsis, the measures like artificial augmentation (Resuscitation), surgical procedures and organ support ( critical care), can revert back the open loop into a closed one.

1

Smoking is considered as  protective in

A. Crohn’s Disease

B. Carcinoid Tumour

C. Adenomatous Polyps

D. Ulcerative colitis

E. Irritable Bowel syndrome

    

                                              

                                            Ans: D- Ulcerative colitis

2

Surgical procedure which has a protective effect against Ulcerative colitis is

A. Tonsillectomy

B. Gastrectomy

C. Thyroidectomy

D. Circumcision

E. Appendicectomy

    

                                              

                                            Ans: E- Appendicectomy

3

Spigelman Staging is for

A. Gastric Polyps

B. Duodenal Polyps

C. Jejunal Polyps

D. Colonic Polyps

E. Rectal Polyps

                                               Ans B. Duodenal Polyps

4

Minimum Lymph nodes required for staging of Colorectal cancer is

A. 4

B. 8

C. 12

D. 16

E. 20

                                            Ans: C- 12